13S15P Battery Pack Build

as mentioned here: How about 18650 Li-Ion battery pack over the Li-Po packs? - #60 by SimLoop , I was thinking to build a battery pack out of 18650 cells.
Since we need 48 Volts and the maximum discharge current is around 300A, I needed batteries that support this rather high discharge current. I found the LG 18650 HG2 cell that can handle 20A constant discharge per cell. To reach 300A I need to put 15 of them in parallel (15P).
To have 48Volts, I need to put 13 of them in series, that makes it a 13S15P Pack, a total of 195 cells with a capacity of 45Ah (3000 mAh per cell) total.

I am going to add plastic cell holders and a battery management system for charging and discharging. I will be spot welding the batteries with pure nickel strips.

This thread is to document the build.

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Today the Arduino based spot welder arrived: DIY Arduino Battery Spot Welder Prebuilt Kit V4 - Malectrics (it arrived quickly, because the seller is also located in germany)
I also purchased a 12V 50A Lead Acid Car battery locally.
20180504_143426

This is the arduino based control board:

20180504_145821

The arduino basically controls the pulses to do the spot welding. with the knob you can set the desired pulse length.
I purchased the board, a (3D printed) case and the welding cables/probes.

It took me about 20 minutes to put everything together.

I have also ordered a BMS that is capable of managing 13 cells in series and a discharge current of 300A. This is the one: 8 S 24 S smart display 2,4 V oder 3,2 V oder 3,7 V 300A lithium batterie schutz bord ausgewogene management system BMS Coulomb Zähler|display 6s|counter displaydisplay counter - AliExpress

Additionally I ordered 3 sets (6 pieces total) of these plastic parts: 5*13 (5P13S) 18650 batteriehalter und reinem nickel FĂĽr 13 S 48 V 10Ah 15Ah lithium akku 5P13S halter Fabrik direkt versorgung|18650 battery holder|battery holderbatteries battery holder 18650 - AliExpress
I will attach three of these together (with some glue and by spot welding the nickel strips) which will result in my 13S15P Setup. I bought the plastic part w/out the nickel strips, as I wanted to purchase them separately:
Freies Verschiffen 18650 batterie reiner nickel streifen 18650 zelle nickel band 0,15*27*5000mm nickel gĂĽrtel verwendet fĂĽr 18650 batteriehalter|belt belt|belt freebelt b - AliExpress

I still need to buy the 18650 cells, however I am waiting for some quotes first (I need 195, but I will be buying 200, to have 5 as a spare).

The charger that I am planning to buy is the Cycle Satiator. It is quite versatile, so it will be able to charge the 12V car battery as well as the 48V OpenPPG battery (once it is fully assembled).

I will post more pics once I receive all the material and can start building.

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EDIT: Nevermind! I see you have a charger in mind that will work!

How do you plan to charge 13S? Are you going to have connectors that split the pack into 6S + 7S components to charge with conventional RC chargers?

Be careful with using “dual” chargers to do that. In most of those the two channels are not isolated from one another. Connecting both sections of a larger pack to each channel, while the whole pack is still in series can short through the charger. I learned this the hard way a while back on a large automotive lithium battery.

I was cautious about welding 18650’s only because i have never seen it done. Would you mind making a quick video of the actual welding once you have your pack set up and ready to weld?
Thx
paul

Plus i think the Satiator is a good choice. I have one of Justins CA3’s on my bike and it is very good.

Hi Paul, I am not sure if I really do want to go the video route…
however there are tons of videos on youtube about spot welding battery packs. this is a video of the manufacturer of the arduino based spot welder, that I purchased:

OK that will work thx

Hi there,
Thanks for sharing your build process
How heavy will this pack be?
Thanks,

Artur

Hi… you might consider copper strips instead of nickel. I’ve heard (but not used) that this is much better for high current situations. Makes sense…

@Artrec this is going to weigh around 10kg

@pofries yes, copper strips would be better (lower resistance), however you can’t weld copper with the copper electrodes of the spot welder. another option would be nickel plated copper strips, or simply weld two or three pure nickel strips on top of each other, which is what I am going to do.

@etienne What’s the run time estimate for OpenPPG with this battery pack?

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@dpack I don’t know.

However I think I remember that @Pdwhite said somewhere here in this forum, that with 8 of the multistar 16000 mAh Batteries (2 in series, 4 in parallel, total capacity 4x16000 = 64000 mAh) we would have a flight time of around 40 minutes (see quote below).

My battery will have 45Ah with a little more voltage (48V nominal instead of 44V nominal, so a bit more RPM for the motors) - you do the math.

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I added it to a copy of the battery comparison link. You can find the copy here:

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1VDiMgdWye7eQTgzYSdsmFcgFx1_5bVhWPgO-YggOWqY/edit?usp=sharing

Look on the last row. This is my best guess for the values.

From those numbers, it looks very competitive at 0.83 $/s. It may also be less likely to explode on your back (these are more stable?) and longer lasting than Lipos.

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Great work on the spreadsheet. Very useful!

Yeah, that spreadsheet is amazing. Here is the original thread:

I’ll tag the author so he can add it to the original.

@DanielArnett is the original author.

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Okay, I added it, but I added more weight than you were estimating. I’m expecting that people will use a battery kit when using these cells, like the Vruzend kit, which will weigh around 5kg to hold all of your cells. Feel free to correct me, I just would rather overestimate weight of harnessing and everything until someone can give me a definitive answer on how much the batteries + harness will weigh.

This is an interesting similar battery:

240 cells, 15S16P.

By now, I received the cells, nickel strips, plastic holder/spacer as well as the BMS.
as soon as I start putting everything together, I will post more pics!

20180529_100533

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Watching with interest.
Would also like to hear your impressions of the spot-welder when you get to it.

Hi Lukas,
I completed the spot welding of the first layer of Nickel strips yesterday. I will have to add more layers for the serial connections, to support the high current of 300A max, but I need to wait for more nickel strips to arrive.

It was the first time for me to use my newly purchased arduino/car battery spot welder. It was quite easy, no hassle. However it took some welding to figure out that the pressure of the electrodes being applied also makes a different in the welding quality, just like the amount of milliseconds (duration of current applied) makes a difference.

It took about 90 minutes to spot weld all 195 cells. I had to pause every few minutes for a few minutes, as the electrodes got quite hot in my hands.

Overall I think I am quite happy. Will post more pictures later.

I wondered how this would fit in the current frame. I assumed these were about 70mm tall with the plastic connectors, and 19mm between the centers. A 13S15P pack looks like it fits nicely, assuming the motors aren’t too squat:
Fusion 360ScreenSnapz014Fusion 360ScreenSnapz015Fusion 360ScreenSnapz013

For fun I also did a 13S20P which might extend the flight time from about 24 minutes to 32 minutes:

Fusion 360ScreenSnapz017

This would also add an estimated 4kg in weight, from 12 to 16kg. I’m not including the BMS or cables in these size or weight estimates.

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